What describes the action of gathering information to develop a malicious strategy within a network?

The action of gathering information to develop a malicious strategy within a network is best described as surveillance. Surveillance involves monitoring activities and gathering data about individuals or systems to exploit vulnerabilities. This knowledge helps malicious actors plan and execute attacks effectively.

In the context of counterintelligence, surveillance is crucial because it encompasses not only the collection of data but also observation of behaviors, practices, and vulnerabilities. By understanding how individuals or systems operate, adversaries can formulate strategies that are more likely to succeed.

Although data harvesting, social engineering, and network mapping are related concepts, they serve different purposes. Data harvesting refers specifically to collecting vast amounts of data, often with a focus on exploitation. Social engineering involves manipulating people to gain confidential information rather than focusing on the technical aspects of gaining insights. Network mapping is a technical process to understand the layout of a network and its devices but does not necessarily imply an intention to develop a malicious strategy.