What describes unauthorized access to sensitive data?

The correct choice, which describes unauthorized access to sensitive data, accurately aligns with the concept of a security breach. A security breach occurs when there is an incident that results in the unauthorized access, theft, or exposure of data. This unauthorized access compromises the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of sensitive information, making it a key concern in counterintelligence and information security disciplines.

While terms such as information disclosure, information penetration, and data harvesting may relate to aspects of data handling or vulnerabilities, they do not specifically capture the essence of unauthorized access in the same manner as a security breach. A security breach distinctly highlights the act of gaining access without permission, emphasizing the immediate risk and implications for data protection.

Understanding the nuances of these terms is vital in contexts where protecting sensitive data is critical. Recognizing a security breach allows organizations to implement appropriate measures, such as rapid response protocols and improving security frameworks to prevent future incidents.